Galatians
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Commentary | Interlinear | English
Galatians 1
(1) παυλοϲ:Paul αποϲτολοϲ:apostle ουκ:not απ:from ανθρωπων:men ουδε:nor δι:through ανθρωπου:man αλλα:but δια:through ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ και:and θεου:God πατροϲ:Father του:the εγειραντοϲ:One-having-raised αυτον:him εκ:from νεκρων:dead (2) και:and οι:the ϲυν:with εμοι:me παντεϲ:all αδελφοι:brothers ταιϲ:to-the εκκληϲιαιϲ:assemblies τηϲ:of-the γαλατιαϲ:Galatia (3) χαριϲ:grace υμιν:to-you και:and ειρηνη:peace απο:from θεου:God πατροϲ:Father ημων:of-us και:and κυριου:of-lord ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ (4) του:the δοντοϲ:one-having-given εαυτον:himself υπερ:for των:the αμαρτιων:sins ημων:of-us οπωϲ:in-order-that εξεληται:he-might-rescue ημαϲ:us εκ:from του:the αιωνοϲ:age του:the ενεϲτωτοϲ:present πονηρου:evil κατα:according-to το:the θελημα:will του:of-the θεου:God και:and πατροϲ:Father ημων:of-us (5) ω:to-whom η:the δοξα:glory ειϲ:into τουϲ:the αιωναϲ:ages των:of-the αιωνων:ages αμην:amen
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1:2 | ταιϲ:to-the εκκληϲιαιϲ:assemblies | [assemblies] – the gathered assemblies of God’s people in the pre‑70 era, rendered so as to keep the first‑century communal reality in view. |
(6) θαυμαζω:I-marvel οτι:that ουτωϲ:thus ταχεωϲ:quickly μετατιθεϲθε:you-are-being-removed απο:from του:the καλεϲαντοϲ:One-having-called υμαϲ:you εν:in χαριτι:grace χριϲτου:of-Christ ειϲ:into ετερον:another ευαγγελιον:gospel (7) ο:which ουκ:not εϲτιν:is αλλο:another ει:if μη:not τινεϲ:some ειϲιν:are οι:the ταραϲϲοντεϲ:disturbing υμαϲ:you και:and θελοντεϲ:wishing μεταϲτρεψαι:to-pervert το:the ευαγγελιον:gospel του:of-the χριϲτου:Christ (8) αλλα:but και:even εαν:if ημειϲ:we η:or αγγελοϲ:an-angel εξ:from ουρανου:heaven ευαγγελιζηται:should-gospel υμιν:to-you παρ:contrary-to ο:what ευηγγελιϲαμεθα:we-gospeled υμιν:to-you αναθεμα:accursed εϲτω:let-him-be (9) ωϲ:as προειρηκαμεν:we-have-said-before και:and αρτι:now παλιν:again λεγω:I-say ει:if τιϲ:anyone υμαϲ:you ευαγγελιζεται:gospels παρ:contrary-to ο:what παρελαβετε:you-received αναθεμα:accursed εϲτω:let-him-be (10) αρτι:now γαρ:for ανθρωπουϲ:men πειθω:I-persuade η:or τον:the θεον:God η:or ζητω:I-seek ανθρωποιϲ:to-men αρεϲκειν:to-please ει:if ετι:still ανθρωποιϲ:to-men ηρεϲκον:I-was-pleasing χριϲτου:of-Christ δουλοϲ:slave ουκ:not αν:would ημην:I-was
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1:6 | ευαγγελιον:gospel | [gospel] – royal glad‑tidings of the Messiah and of the rescue he brings; the gloss keeps the announcement‑force of the word. |
| 1:7 | ευαγγελιον:gospel | [gospel] – the glad‑tidings of Christ that the troublers wish to pervert. |
| 1:8 | ευαγγελιζηται:should-gospel, ευηγγελιϲαμεθα:we-gospeled | [to-gospel] – the verb is rendered from the same root as the noun, in line with the book‑wide translation convention that keeps the glad‑tidings thread audible. |
| 1:8 | αναθεμα:accursed | [accursed] – carries the LXX herem/covenant‑curse force: the contrary gospel brings the ban of destruction on its preacher. |
| 1:9 | ευαγγελιζεται:gospels | [gospels] – the same verbal root as the noun, sustaining the letter’s fixed glad‑tidings thread. |
| 1:9 | αναθεμα:accursed | [accursed] – the covenant‑curse ban repeated; the double anathema seals the opening warning. |
(11) γνωριζω:I-make-known γαρ:for υμιν:to-you αδελφοι:brothers το:the ευαγγελιον:gospel το:the ευαγγελιϲθεν:gospeled υπ:by εμου:me οτι:that ουκ:not εϲτιν:is κατα:according-to ανθρωπον:man (12) ουδε:nor γαρ:for εγω:I παρα:from ανθρωπου:man παρελαβον:I-received αυτο:it ουτε:nor εδιδαχθην:I-was-taught αλλα:but δι:through αποκαλυψεωϲ:revelation ιηϲου:of-Jesus χριϲτου:Christ (13) ηκουϲατε:you-heard γαρ:for την:the εμην:my αναϲτροφην:manner-of-life ποτε:formerly εν:in τω:the ιουδαιϲμω:Judaism οτι:that καθ:according-to υπερβολην:excess εδιωκον:I-was-persecuting την:the εκκληϲιαν:assembly του:of-the θεου:God και:and επορθουν:I-was-destroying αυτην:it (14) και:and προεκοπτον:I-was-advancing εν:in τω:the ιουδαιϲμω:Judaism υπερ:beyond πολλουϲ:many ϲυνηλικιωταϲ:contemporaries εν:in τω:the γενει:race μου:of-me περιϲϲοτερωϲ:more-exceedingly ζηλωτηϲ:zealot υπαρχων:being των:of-the πατρικων:paternal μου:of-me παραδοϲεων:traditions (15) οτε:when δε:but ευδοκηϲεν:was-well-pleased ο:the θεοϲ:God ο:the αφοριϲαϲ:One-having-set-apart με:me εκ:from κοιλιαϲ:womb μητροϲ:of-mother μου:of-me και:and καλεϲαϲ:One-having-called δια:through τηϲ:the χαριτοϲ:grace αυτου:of-Him (16) αποκαλυψαι:to-reveal τον:the υιον:son αυτου:of-Him εν:in εμοι:me ινα:in-order-that ευαγγελιζωμαι:I-might-gospel αυτον:him εν:among τοιϲ:the εθνεϲιν:nations ευθεωϲ:immediately ου:not προϲανεθεμην:I-consulted ϲαρκι:flesh και:and αιματι:blood (17) ουδε:nor ανηλθον:I-went-up ειϲ:to ιεροϲολυμα:Jerusalem προϲ:to τουϲ:the προ:before εμου:me αποϲτολουϲ:apostles αλλ:but απηλθον:I-went-away ειϲ:into αραβιαν:Arabia και:and παλιν:again υπεϲτρεψα:I-returned ειϲ:to δαμαϲκον:Damascus (18) επειτα:then μετα:after ετη:years τρια:three ανηλθον:I-went-up ειϲ:to ιεροϲολυμα:Jerusalem ιϲτορηϲαι:to-visit κηφαν:Cephas και:and επεμεινα:I-remained προϲ:with αυτον:him ημεραϲ:days δεκαπεντε:fifteen (19) ετερον:other δε:but των:of-the αποϲτολων:apostles ουκ:not ειδον:I-saw ει:if μη:not ιακωβον:James τον:the αδελφον:brother του:of-the κυριου:lord (20) α:what δε:but γραφω:I-write υμιν:to-you ιδου:behold ενωπιον:before του:the θεου:God οτι:that ου:not ψευδομαι:I-lie (21) επειτα:then ηλθον:I-came ειϲ:into τα:the κλιματα:regions τηϲ:of-the ϲυριαϲ:Syria και:and τηϲ:of-the κιλικιαϲ:Cilicia (22) ημην:I-was δε:but αγνοουμενοϲ:being-unknown τω:in-the προϲωπω:face ταιϲ:to-the εκκληϲιαιϲ:assemblies τηϲ:of-the ιουδαιαϲ:Judea ταιϲ:the εν:in χριϲτω:Christ (23) μονον:only δε:but ακουοντεϲ:hearing ηϲαν:they-were οτι:that ο:the-one διωκων:persecuting ημαϲ:us ποτε:formerly νυν:now ευαγγελιζεται:gospels την:the πιϲτιν:faith ην:which ποτε:formerly επορθει:he-was-destroying (24) και:and εδοξαζον:they-were-glorifying εν:in εμοι:me τον:the θεον:God
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1:11 | ευαγγελιον:gospel, ευαγγελιϲθεν:gospeled | [gospel/gospeled] – the glad‑tidings announced by Paul, whose origin is divine revelation; noun and participle share the same root. |
| 1:13 | εκκληϲιαν:assembly | [assembly] – the gathered assembly of God’s people, the very body Paul once persecuted. |
| 1:16 | ευαγγελιζωμαι:I-might-gospel | [to-gospel] – the glad‑tidings of the son among the nations, kept on the same verbal root. |
| 1:22 | εκκληϲιαιϲ:assemblies | [assemblies] – the Judean assemblies of God’s people, personally unknown to Paul. |
| 1:23 | ευαγγελιζεται:gospels | [gospels] – the former persecutor now announces the glad‑tidings. |
| 1:23 | πιϲτιν:faith | [faith] – the faith as the new‑age reality of allegiance to the Messiah, which Paul once ravaged. |
Galatians 2
(1) Επειτα:Then δια:after δεκατεϲϲαρων:fourteen ετων:years παλιν:again ανεβην:I-went-up ειϲ:to ιεροϲολυμα:Jerusalem μετα:with βαρναβα:Barnabas ϲυμπαραλαβων:having-also-taken-along και:also τιτον:Titus (2) ανεβην:I-went-up δε:but κατα:according-to αποκαλυψιν:revelation και:and ανεθεμην:I-set-before αυτοιϲ:them το:the ευαγγελιον:gospel ο:which κηρυϲϲω:I-proclaim εν:among τοιϲ:the εθνεϲιν:nations κατ:in ιδιαν:private δε:but τοιϲ:to-the δοκουϲιν:ones-reputed μη:lest πωϲ:somehow ειϲ:into κενον:vain τρεχω:I-run η:or εδραμον:I-ran (3) αλλ:But ουδε:not-even τιτοϲ:Titus ο:the-one ϲυν:with εμοι:me ελλην:Greek ων:being ηναγκαϲθη:was-compelled περιτμηθηναι:to-be-circumcised (4) δια:because-of δε:but τουϲ:the παρειϲακτουϲ:secretly-brought-in ψευδαδελφουϲ:false-brothers οιτινεϲ:who παρειϲηλθον:slid-in καταϲκοπηϲαι:to-spy-out την:the ελευθεριαν:freedom ημων:of-us ην:which εχομεν:we-have εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus ινα:in-order-that ημαϲ:us καταδουλωϲουϲιν:they-might-enslave (5) οιϲ:to-whom ουδε:not-even προϲ:for ωραν:an-hour ειξαμεν:we-yielded τη:the υποταγη:submission ινα:in-order-that η:the αληθεια:truth του:of-the ευαγγελιου:gospel διαμεινη:might-remain προϲ:with υμαϲ:you (6) Απο:From δε:but των:the δοκουντων:ones-reputed ειναι:to-be τι:something οποιοι:of-what-sort ποτε:ever ηϲαν:they-were ουδεν:nothing μοι:to-me διαφερει:it-matters προϲωπον:face ο:the θεοϲ:God ανθρωπου:of-man ου:not λαμβανει:receives εμοι:to-me γαρ:for οι:the δοκουντεϲ:ones-reputed ουδεν:nothing προϲανεθεντο:added (7) αλλα:But τουναντιον:on-the-contrary ιδοντεϲ:having-seen οτι:that πεπιϲτευμαι:I-have-been-entrusted το:the ευαγγελιον:gospel τηϲ:of-the ακροβυϲτιαϲ:uncircumcision καθωϲ:just-as πετροϲ:Peter τηϲ:of-the περιτομηϲ:circumcision (8) ο:The-one γαρ:for ενεργηϲαϲ:having-worked πετρω:in-Peter ειϲ:for αποϲτολην:apostleship τηϲ:of-the περιτομηϲ:circumcision ενηργηϲεν:worked και:also εμοι:in-me ειϲ:for τα:the εθνη:nations (9) και:And γνοντεϲ:having-known την:the χαριν:grace την:the δοθειϲαν:given μοι:to-me ιακωβοϲ:James και:and κηφαϲ:Cephas και:and ιωαννηϲ:John οι:the δοκουντεϲ:ones-reputed ϲτυλοι:pillars ειναι:to-be δεξιαϲ:right-hands εδωκαν:gave εμοι:to-me και:and βαρναβα:to-Barnabas κοινωνιαϲ:of-fellowship ινα:in-order-that ημειϲ:we ειϲ:to τα:the εθνη:nations αυτοι:they δε:but ειϲ:to την:the περιτομην:circumcision (10) μονον:Only των:the πτωχων:poor ινα:that μνημονευωμεν:we-should-remember ο:which και:also εϲπουδαϲα:I-was-eager αυτο:this-very τουτο:thing ποιηϲαι:to-do
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 2:2 | ευαγγελιον:gospel | [gospel] – the glad‑tidings Paul proclaims among the nations, set before the ones reputed to be pillars. |
| 2:5 | ευαγγελιου:gospel | [gospel] – the truth of the glad‑tidings, preserved intact against the false brothers. |
| 2:7 | ευαγγελιον:gospel | [gospel] – the glad‑tidings of the uncircumcision, entrusted to Paul as the glad‑tidings of the circumcision was to Peter. |
(11) Οτε:When δε:but ηλθεν:came κηφαϲ:Cephas ειϲ:to αντιοχειαν:Antioch κατα:to προϲωπον:face αυτω:to-him αντεϲτην:I-stood-against οτι:because κατεγνωϲμενοϲ:having-been-condemned ην:he-was (12) προ:before του:the γαρ:for ελθειν:to-come τιναϲ:some απο:from ιακωβου:James μετα:with των:the εθνων:nations ϲυνηϲθιεν:he-was-eating-with οτε:when δε:but ηλθον:they-came υπεϲτελλεν:he-was-withdrawing και:and αφωριζεν:he-was-separating εαυτον:himself φοβουμενοϲ:fearing τουϲ:the εκ:from περιτομηϲ:circumcision (13) Και:And ϲυνυπεκριθηϲαν:joined-in-hypocrisy αυτω:with-him και:also οι:the λοιποι:rest ιουδαιοι:Jews ωϲτε:so-that και:even βαρναβαϲ:Barnabas ϲυναπηχθη:was-carried-away-with αυτων:their τη:the υποκριϲει:hypocrisy (14) Αλλ:But οτε:when ειδον:I-saw οτι:that ουκ:not ορθοποδουϲιν:they-walk-straightly προϲ:toward την:the αληθειαν:truth του:of-the ευαγγελιου:gospel ειπον:I-said τω:to-the κηφα:Cephas εμπροϲθεν:before παντων:all Ει:If ϲυ:you ιουδαιοϲ:a-Jew υπαρχων:being εθνικωϲ:in-Gentile-manner και:and ουχι:not ιουδαικωϲ:in-Jewish-manner ζηϲ:you-live πωϲ:how τα:the εθνη:nations αναγκαζειϲ:you-compel ιουδαιζειν:to-judaize (15) ημειϲ:We φυϲει:by-nature ιουδαιοι:Jews και:and ουκ:not εξ:from εθνων:nations αμαρτωλοι:sinners (16) ειδοτεϲ:Knowing δε:but οτι:that ου:not δικαιουται:is-justified ανθρωποϲ:a-man εξ:from εργων:works νομου:of-law εαν:if μη:not δια:through πιϲτεωϲ:faith ιηϲου:of-Jesus χριϲτου:Christ και:also ημειϲ:we ειϲ:into χριϲτον:Christ ιηϲουν:Jesus επιϲτευϲαμεν:we-believed ινα:in-order-that δικαιωθωμεν:we-might-be-justified εκ:from πιϲτεωϲ:faith χριϲτου:of-Christ και:and ουκ:not εξ:from εργων:works νομου:of-law οτι:because εξ:from εργων:works νομου:of-law ου:not δικαιωθηϲεται:will-be-justified παϲα:all ϲαρξ:flesh (17) Ει:If δε:but ζητουντεϲ:seeking δικαιωθηναι:to-be-justified εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ευρεθημεν:we-were-found και:also αυτοι:ourselves αμαρτωλοι:sinners αρα:consequently χριϲτοϲ:Christ αμαρτιαϲ:of-sin διακονοϲ:servant Μη:Not γενοιτο:may-it-become (18) ει:if γαρ:for α:what κατελυϲα:I-destroyed ταυτα:these παλιν:again οικοδομω:I-build παραβατην:a-transgressor εμαυτον:myself ϲυνιϲτανω:I-commend (19) εγω:I γαρ:for δια:through νομου:law νομω:to-law απεθανον:I-died ινα:in-order-that θεω:to-God ζηϲω:I-might-live χριϲτω:with-Christ ϲυνεϲταυρωμαι:I-have-been-co-crucified (20) Ζω:I-live δε:but ουκετι:no-longer εγω:I Ζη:lives δε:but εν:in εμοι:me χριϲτοϲ:Christ Ο:that-which δε:but νυν:now ζω:I-live εν:in ϲαρκι:flesh εν:in πιϲτει:faith ζω:I-live τη:the του:of-the υιου:son του:of-the θεου:God του:the-one αγαπηϲαντοϲ:having-loved με:me και:and παραδοντοϲ:having-delivered εαυτον:himself υπερ:for εμου:me (21) Ουκ:Not αθετω:I-set-aside την:the χαριν:grace του:of-the θεου:God ει:if γαρ:for δια:through νομου:law δικαιοϲυνη:righteousness αρα:consequently χριϲτοϲ:Christ δωρεαν:in-vain απεθανεν:died
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 2:14 | ευαγγελιου:gospel | [gospel] – the truth of the glad‑tidings, the standard by which even Cephas’s conduct is measured. |
| 2:16 | δικαιουται:is-justified, δικαιωθωμεν:we-might-be-justified, δικαιωθηϲεται:will-be-justified | – the forensic verdict of the one God, the right‑standing that the Messiah’s faithfulness secures. |
| 2:16 | πιϲτεωϲ:faith (×2) | [faith] – the genitive is retained literally, so that justification rests on the Messiah’s faithful self‑giving, in which believers are included. |
| 2:17 | δικαιωθηναι:to-be-justified | – the forensic verdict of the one God, sought in Christ. |
| 2:20 | πιϲτει:faith | [faith] – the faith of the son of God, who loved and gave himself; the genitive keeps the son’s own faithfulness as the ground of the believer’s life. |
| 2:21 | δικαιοϲυνη:righteousness | [righteousness] – the forensic right‑standing of the one God; were it through law, the Messiah’s death would be in vain. |
Galatians 3
(1) Ω:O ανοητοι:foolish γαλαται:Galatians τιϲ:who υμαϲ:you εβαϲκανεν:bewitched οιϲ:to-whom κατ:according-to οφθαλμουϲ:eyes ιηϲουϲ:Jesus χριϲτοϲ:Christ προεγραφη:was-publicly-portrayed εϲταυρωμενοϲ:having-been-crucified (2) Τουτο:This μονον:only θελω:I-wish μαθειν:to-learn αφ:from υμων:you εξ:from εργων:works νομου:of-law το:the πνευμα:spirit ελαβετε:you-received η:or εξ:from ακοηϲ:hearing πιϲτεωϲ:of-faith (3) Ουτωϲ:Thus ανοητοι:foolish εϲτε:you-are εναρξαμενοι:having-begun πνευματι:in-spirit νυν:now ϲαρκι:in-flesh επιτελειϲθε:you-are-being-completed (4) Τοϲαυτα:So-many-things επαθετε:you-suffered εικη:in-vain ει:if γε:indeed και:also εικη:in-vain (5) Ο:The-one ουν:therefore επιχορηγων:supplying υμιν:to-you το:the πνευμα:spirit και:and ενεργων:working δυναμειϲ:powers εν:among υμιν:you εξ:from εργων:works νομου:of-law η:or εξ:from ακοηϲ:hearing πιϲτεωϲ:of-faith
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:2 | πνευμα:spirit | [spirit] – lowercased, in line with the book‑wide convention of rendering the spirit as God’s empowering presence. |
| 3:2 | πιϲτεωϲ:of-faith | [faith] – allegiance‑faith: the hearing from which the Galatians received the spirit. |
| 3:3 | πνευματι:in-spirit | [spirit] – begun in the spirit, God’s empowering presence; the lowercase gloss is sustained throughout. |
| 3:5 | πνευμα:spirit | [spirit] – the spirit supplied and the powers worked among them, God’s empowering presence. |
| 3:5 | πιϲτεωϲ:of-faith | [faith] – the hearing of faith, the allegiance‑frame that governs the letter’s argument. |
(6) Καθωϲ:Just-as αβρααμ:Abraham επιϲτευϲεν:believed τω:the θεω:God και:and ελογιϲθη:it-was-counted αυτω:to-him ειϲ:for δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness (7) Γινωϲκετε:You-know αρα:therefore οτι:that οι:the-ones εκ:from πιϲτεωϲ:faith ουτοι:these υιοι:sons ειϲιν:are αβρααμ:of-Abraham (8) Προιδουϲα:Having-foreseen δε:but η:the γραφη:Scripture οτι:that εκ:from πιϲτεωϲ:faith δικαιοι:justifies τα:the εθνη:nations ο:the θεοϲ:God προευηγγελιϲατο:gospeled-beforehand τω:to-the αβρααμ:Abraham οτι:that ενευλογηθηϲονται:will-be-blessed-in εν:in ϲοι:you παντα:all τα:the εθνη:nations (9) Ωϲτε:So-that οι:the-ones εκ:from πιϲτεωϲ:faith ευλογουνται:are-blessed ϲυν:with τω:the πιϲτω:faithful αβρααμ:Abraham (10) Οϲοι:As-many-as γαρ:for εξ:from εργων:works νομου:of-law ειϲιν:are υπο:under καταραν:curse ειϲιν:are Γεγραπται:It-has-been-written γαρ:for οτι:that Επικαταρατοϲ:Cursed παϲ:everyone οϲ:who ουκ:not εμμενει:continues-in παϲιν:in-all τοιϲ:the-things γεγραμμενοιϲ:having-been-written εν:in τω:the βιβλιω:book του:of-the νομου:law του:of-the ποιηϲαι:to-do αυτα:them (11) Οτι:That δε:but εν:in νομω:law ουδειϲ:no-one δικαιουται:is-justified παρα:before τω:the θεω:God δηλον:is-evident οτι:that Ο:The δικαιοϲ:righteous εκ:from πιϲτεωϲ:faith ζηϲεται:will-live (12) Ο:The δε:but νομοϲ:law ουκ:not εϲτιν:is εκ:from πιϲτεωϲ:faith αλλ:but Ο:The-one ποιηϲαϲ:having-done αυτα:them ζηϲεται:will-live εν:in αυτοιϲ:them (13) Χριϲτοϲ:Christ ημαϲ:us εξηγοραϲεν:redeemed εκ:from τηϲ:the καταραϲ:curse του:of-the νομου:law γενομενοϲ:having-become υπερ:for ημων:us καταρα:a-curse οτι:because γεγραπται:it-has-been-written Επικαταρατοϲ:Cursed παϲ:everyone ο:the-one κρεμαμενοϲ:hanging επι:upon ξυλου:a-tree (14) Ινα:In-order-that ειϲ:to τα:the εθνη:nations η:the ευλογια:blessing του:of-the αβρααμ:Abraham γενηται:might-come-to-be εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus ινα:in-order-that την:the επαγγελιαν:promise του:of-the πνευματοϲ:spirit λαβωμεν:we-might-receive δια:through τηϲ:the πιϲτεωϲ:faith
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:6 | δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness | [righteousness] – the forensic verdict of the one God, credited to Abraham’s belief and opening the letter’s central scriptural argument. |
| 3:8 | δικαιοι:justifies | [justifies] – Scripture’s foresight that the one God’s forensic verdict would extend to the nations from faith. |
| 3:8 | προευηγγελιϲατο:gospeled-beforehand; ενευλογηθηϲονται:will-be-blessed-in | [gospeled-beforehand] – the glad-tidings announced to Abraham in advance; [will-be-blessed-in] – the Abrahamic blessing in which all the nations are included. |
| 3:9 | ευλογουνται:are-blessed | [are-blessed] – the Abrahamic blessing resting on the from-faith community with the faithful Abraham. |
| 3:10 | καταραν:curse; Επικαταρατοϲ:Cursed | [curse / cursed] – the law’s covenant-curse language (Deut 27:26), marking the condition of everyone still under law. |
| 3:11 | δικαιουται:is-justified; δικαιοϲ:righteous | [justified / righteous] – the forensic verdict of the one God; the righteous from faith live. |
| 3:13 | εξηγοραϲεν:redeemed; καταραϲ:curse; καταρα:a-curse; Επικαταρατοϲ:Cursed | [redeemed] – purchased out from the law’s curse; [curse / cursed] – the Messiah absorbed the covenant-curse of the hanged one as the people’s representative (Deut 21:23). |
| 3:14 | ευλογια:blessing | [blessing] – the Abrahamic blessing reaching the nations in Christ Jesus. |
| 3:14 | πνευματοϲ:spirit | [spirit] – God’s empowering presence received through faith, rendered lowercase in line with the book-wide translation convention. |
| 3:14 | πιϲτεωϲ:faith | [faith] – allegiance-faith, the appointed channel of the promised spirit. |
(15) Αδελφοι:Brothers κατα:according-to ανθρωπον:man λεγω:I-speak ομωϲ:nevertheless ανθρωπου:of-man κεκυρωμενην:having-been-ratified διαθηκην:covenant ουδειϲ:no-one αθετει:sets-aside η:or επιδιαταϲϲεται:adds-to (16) Τω:To-the δε:but αβρααμ:Abraham ερρεθηϲαν:were-spoken αι:the επαγγελιαι:promises και:and τω:to-the ϲπερματι:seed αυτου:of-him Ου:Not λεγει:it-says και:and τοιϲ:to-the ϲπερμαϲιν:seeds ωϲ:as επι:of πολλων:many αλλ:but ωϲ:as εφ:of ενοϲ:one και:and τω:to-the ϲπερματι:seed ϲου:of-you οϲ:which εϲτιν:is χριϲτοϲ:Christ (17) Τουτο:This δε:but λεγω:I-say διαθηκην:covenant προκεκυρωμενην:having-been-before-ratified υπο:by του:the θεου:God ο:the μετα:after τετρακοϲια:four-hundred και:and τριακοντα:thirty ετη:years γεγονωϲ:having-come-to-be νομοϲ:law ουκ:not ακυροι:invalidates ειϲ:for το:the καταργηϲαι:to-nullify την:the επαγγελιαν:promise (18) Ει:If γαρ:for εκ:from νομου:law η:the κληρονομια:inheritance ουκετι:no-longer εξ:from επαγγελιαϲ:promise τω:to-the δε:but αβρααμ:Abraham δι:through επαγγελιαϲ:promise κεχαριϲται:has-graciously-given ο:the θεοϲ:God (19) Τι:What ουν:therefore ο:the νομοϲ:law των:of-the παραβαϲεων:transgressions χαριν:for-the-sake-of προϲετεθη:it-was-added αχριϲ:until ου:which ελθη:might-come το:the ϲπερμα:seed ω:to-whom επηγγελται:it-has-been-promised διαταγειϲ:having-been-ordained δι:through αγγελων:angels εν:in χειρι:hand μεϲιτου:of-a-mediator (20) Ο:The δε:but μεϲιτηϲ:mediator ενοϲ:of-one ουκ:not εϲτιν:is ο:the δε:but θεοϲ:God ειϲ:one εϲτιν:is (21) Ο:The ουν:therefore νομοϲ:law κατα:against των:the επαγγελιων:promises του:of-the θεου:God μη:not γενοιτο:may-it-become ει:if γαρ:for εδοθη:was-given νομοϲ:law ο:the-one δυναμενοϲ:being-able ζωοποιηϲαι:to-make-alive οντωϲ:really εκ:from νομου:law αν:would ην:be η:the δικαιοϲυνη:righteousness (22) Αλλα:But ϲυνεκλειϲεν:shut-up-together η:the γραφη:Scripture τα:the παντα:all-things υπο:under αμαρτιαν:sin ινα:in-order-that η:the επαγγελια:promise εκ:from πιϲτεωϲ:faith ιηϲου:of-Jesus χριϲτου:Christ δοθη:might-be-given τοιϲ:to-the πιϲτευουϲιν:believing-ones
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:15 | διαθηκην:covenant | [covenant] – a ratified covenant-agreement; its inviolability supplies the argument’s a-fortiori ground. |
| 3:16 | ϲπερματι:seed; ϲπερμαϲιν:seeds; ϲπερματι:seed | [seed] – the singular representative heir, the promised Messiah; the promise addresses one seed, not many. |
| 3:17 | διαθηκην:covenant | [covenant] – the covenant previously ratified by God, which the law, coming 430 years later, cannot invalidate. |
| 3:19 | ϲπερμα:seed | [seed] – the promised singular heir whose arrival the law was given to await. |
| 3:22 | πιϲτεωϲ:faith | [faith] – the allegiance-faith of Jesus Christ, the genitive expression preserved literally as the channel of the promise to all believers. |
(23) Προ:Before του:the δε:but ελθειν:to-come την:the πιϲτιν:faith υπο:under νομον:law εφρουρουμεθα:we-were-guarded ϲυγκλειομενοι:being-shut-up-together ειϲ:into την:the μελλουϲαν:being-about-to πιϲτιν:faith αποκαλυφθηναι:to-be-revealed (24) Ωϲτε:So-that ο:the νομοϲ:law παιδαγωγοϲ:custodian ημων:of-us γεγονεν:has-become ειϲ:into χριϲτον:Christ ινα:in-order-that εκ:from πιϲτεωϲ:faith δικαιωθωμεν:we-might-be-justified (25) Ελθουϲηϲ:Having-come δε:but τηϲ:the πιϲτεωϲ:faith ουκετι:no-longer υπο:under παιδαγωγον:custodian εϲμεν:we-are (26) Παντεϲ:All γαρ:for υιοι:sons θεου:of-God εϲτε:you-are δια:through τηϲ:the πιϲτεωϲ:faith εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus (27) Οϲοι:As-many-as γαρ:for ειϲ:into χριϲτον:Christ εβαπτιϲθητε:were-baptized χριϲτον:Christ ενεδυϲαϲθε:you-clothed-yourselves-with (28) Ουκ:Not ενι:there-is ιουδαιοϲ:Jew ουδε:nor ελλην:Greek ουκ:not ενι:there-is δουλοϲ:slave ουδε:nor ελευθεροϲ:free ουκ:not ενι:there-is αρϲεν:male και:and θηλυ:female παντεϲ:all γαρ:for υμειϲ:you ειϲ:one εϲτε:are εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus (29) Ει:If δε:but υμειϲ:you χριϲτου:of-Christ αρα:consequently του:of-the αβρααμ:Abraham ϲπερμα:seed εϲτε:you-are κατ:according-to επαγγελιαν:promise κληρονομοι:heirs
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:23 | πιϲτιν:faith; πιϲτιν:faith; αποκαλυφθηναι:to-be-revealed | [faith] – the faith as the eschatological reality of the age to come, the promised order now arriving; [to-be-revealed] – the divine unveiling of that faith. |
| 3:24 | παιδαγωγοϲ:custodian; δικαιωθωμεν:we-might-be-justified | [custodian] – the slave-guardian of the law, whose temporary custody served until faith came; [justified] – the forensic verdict of the one God. |
| 3:25 | πιϲτεωϲ:faith; παιδαγωγον:custodian | [faith] – the age of faith now present in Christ; [custodian] – the law’s guardianship, no longer governing those in Christ. |
| 3:26 | πιϲτεωϲ:faith | [faith] – through the arrival of this faith, all are sons of God in Christ Jesus. |
| 3:29 | ϲπερμα:seed | [seed] – believers in the Messiah are Abraham’s seed and heirs according to the promise. |
Galatians 4
(1) Λεγω:I-say δε:but εφ:for οϲον:as-long-as χρονον:time ο:the κληρονομοϲ:heir νηπιοϲ:an-infant εϲτιν:is ουδεν:nothing διαφερει:differs δουλου:of-a-slave κυριοϲ:lord παντων:of-all ων:being (2) αλλ:but υπο:under επιτροπουϲ:guardians εϲτιν:is και:and οικονομουϲ:stewards αχρι:until τηϲ:the προθεϲμιαϲ:appointed-time του:of-the πατροϲ:father (3) ουτωϲ:so και:also ημειϲ:we οτε:when ημεν:we-were νηπιοι:infants υπο:under τα:the ϲτοιχεια:elements του:of-the κοϲμου:world ημεθα:we-were δεδουλωμενοι:having-been-enslaved (4) οτε:when δε:but ηλθεν:came το:the πληρωμα:fullness του:of-the χρονου:time εξαπεϲτειλεν:sent-forth ο:the θεοϲ:God τον:the υιον:son αυτου:of-Him γενομενον:having-become εκ:from γυναικοϲ:a-woman γενομενον:having-become υπο:under νομον:law (5) ινα:in-order-that τουϲ:the-ones υπο:under νομον:law εξαγοραϲη:he-might-redeem ινα:in-order-that την:the υιοθεϲιαν:adoption απολαβωμεν:we-might-receive (6) οτι:because δε:but εϲτε:you-are υιοι:sons εξαπεϲτειλεν:sent-forth ο:the θεοϲ:God το:the πνευμα:spirit του:of-the υιου:son αυτου:of-Him ειϲ:into ταϲ:the καρδιαϲ:hearts ημων:of-us κραζον:crying αββα:Abba ο:the πατηρ:Father (7) ωϲτε:so-that ουκετι:no-longer ει:you-are δουλοϲ:a-slave αλλ:but υιοϲ:a-son ει:if δε:and υιοϲ:a-son και:also κληρονομοϲ:an-heir δια:through θεου:God
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:3 | ϲτοιχεια:elements | [elements] – the rudimentary old-age principles under which we were enslaved as minors. |
| 4:6 | πνευμα:spirit | [spirit] – God’s empowering presence sent into hearts, the one God’s own active power by which adopted sons cry “Abba, Father.” |
(8) Αλλα:But τοτε:then μεν:indeed ουκ:not ειδοτεϲ:having-known θεον:God εδουλευϲατε:you-served τοιϲ:to-the φυϲει:by-nature μη:not ουϲιν:being θεοιϲ:gods (9) νυν:now δε:but γνοντεϲ:having-known θεον:God μαλλον:rather δε:but γνωϲθεντεϲ:having-been-known υπο:by θεου:God πωϲ:how επιϲτρεφετε:do-you-turn-back παλιν:again επι:to τα:the αϲθενη:weak και:and πτωχα:poor ϲτοιχεια:elements οιϲ:to-which παλιν:again ανωθεν:from-the-beginning δουλευειν:to-serve θελετε:you-wish (10) ημεραϲ:days παρατηρειϲθε:you-are-observing και:and μηναϲ:months και:and καιρουϲ:seasons και:and ενιαυτουϲ:years (11) φοβουμαι:I-fear υμαϲ:for-you μη:lest πωϲ:somehow εικη:in-vain κεκοπιακα:I-have-labored ειϲ:among υμαϲ:you
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:9 | ϲτοιχεια:elements | [elements] – the weak and poor rudimentary principles of the old age, to which the Galatians were turning back. |
(12) Γινεϲθε:Become ωϲ:as εγω:I οτι:because καγω:I-also ωϲ:as υμειϲ:you αδελφοι:brothers δεομαι:I-beg υμων:you ουδεν:nothing με:me ηδικηϲατε:you-wronged (13) οιδατε:you-know δε:but οτι:that δι:through αϲθενειαν:weakness τηϲ:of-the ϲαρκοϲ:flesh ευηγγελιϲαμην:I-gospeled υμιν:to-you το:the προτερον:former-time (14) και:and τον:the πειραϲμον:trial υμων:of-you εν:in τη:the ϲαρκι:flesh μου:of-me ουκ:not εξουθενηϲατε:you-despised ουδε:nor εξεπτυϲατε:you-spat-out αλλ:but ωϲ:as αγγελον:an-angel θεου:of-God εδεξαϲθε:you-received με:me ωϲ:as χριϲτον:Christ ιηϲουν:Jesus (15) που:where ουν:then ο:the μακαριϲμοϲ:blessing υμων:of-you μαρτυρω:I-testify γαρ:for υμιν:to-you οτι:that ει:if δυνατον:possible τουϲ:the οφθαλμουϲ:eyes υμων:of-you εξορυξαντεϲ:having-gouged-out εδωκατε:you-would-have-given μοι:to-me (16) ωϲτε:so-that εχθροϲ:an-enemy υμων:of-you γεγονα:I-have-become αληθευων:speaking-truth υμιν:to-you (17) ζηλουϲιν:they-are-zealous-for υμαϲ:you ου:not καλωϲ:well αλλ:but εκκλειϲαι:to-shut-out υμαϲ:you θελουϲιν:they-wish ινα:in-order-that αυτουϲ:them ζηλουτε:you-might-be-zealous-for (18) καλον:good δε:but ζηλουϲθαι:to-be-zealous-for εν:in καλω:good παντοτε:always και:and μη:not μονον:only εν:in τω:the παρειναι:to-be-present με:me προϲ:with υμαϲ:you (19) τεκνα:children μου:of-me ουϲ:whom παλιν:again ωδινω:I-am-in-labor μεχριϲ:until ου:which μορφωθη:might-be-formed χριϲτοϲ:Christ εν:in υμιν:you (20) ηθελον:I-was-wishing δε:but παρειναι:to-be-present προϲ:with υμαϲ:you αρτι:now και:and αλλαξαι:to-change την:the φωνην:voice μου:of-me οτι:because απορουμαι:I-am-perplexed εν:in υμιν:you
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:13 | ευηγγελιϲαμην:I-gospeled | [to-gospel] – Paul’s initial glad-tidings proclamation in Galatia, kept on the same root as the noun gospel. |
(21) Λεγετε:Tell μοι:me οι:the-ones υπο:under νομον:law θελοντεϲ:wishing ειναι:to-be τον:the νομον:law ουκ:not ακουετε:do-you-hear (22) γεγραπται:it-has-been-written γαρ:for οτι:that αβρααμ:Abraham δυο:two υιουϲ:sons εϲχεν:had ενα:one εκ:from τηϲ:the παιδιϲκηϲ:slave-woman και:and ενα:one εκ:from τηϲ:the ελευθεραϲ:free-woman (23) αλλ:but ο:the-one μεν:indeed εκ:from τηϲ:the παιδιϲκηϲ:slave-woman κατα:according-to ϲαρκα:flesh γεγεννηται:has-been-born ο:the-one δε:but εκ:from τηϲ:the ελευθεραϲ:free-woman δι:through επαγγελιαϲ:promise (24) ατινα:which εϲτιν:are αλληγορουμενα:being-allegorized αυται:these γαρ:for ειϲιν:are δυο:two διαθηκαι:covenants μια:one μεν:indeed απο:from ορουϲ:mount ϲινα:Sinai ειϲ:into δουλειαν:slavery γεννωϲα:bearing ητιϲ:which εϲτιν:is αγαρ:Hagar (25) το:the δε:but αγαρ:Hagar ϲινα:Sinai οροϲ:mount εϲτιν:is εν:in τη:the αραβια:Arabia ϲυϲτοιχει:corresponds δε:and τη:to-the νυν:now ιερουϲαλημ:Jerusalem δουλευει:serves γαρ:for μετα:with των:the τεκνων:children αυτηϲ:of-her (26) η:the δε:but ανω:above ιερουϲαλημ:Jerusalem ελευθερα:free εϲτιν:is ητιϲ:which εϲτιν:is μητηρ:mother ημων:of-us (27) γεγραπται:it-has-been-written γαρ:for Ευφρανθητι:Rejoice ϲτειρα:barren η:the-one ου:not τικτουϲα:bearing ρηξον:break-forth και:and βοηϲον:cry-out η:the-one ουκ:not ωδινουϲα:laboring οτι:because πολλα:many τα:the τεκνα:children τηϲ:of-the ερημου:desolate μαλλον:more η:than τηϲ:of-the εχουϲηϲ:having τον:the ανδρα:husband (28) υμειϲ:you δε:but αδελφοι:brothers κατα:according-to ιϲαακ:Isaac επαγγελιαϲ:of-promise τεκνα:children εϲτε:are (29) αλλ:but ωϲπερ:just-as τοτε:then ο:the-one κατα:according-to ϲαρκα:flesh γεννηθειϲ:having-been-born εδιωκεν:persecuted τον:the-one κατα:according-to πνευμα:spirit ουτωϲ:so και:also νυν:now (30) αλλα:but τι:what λεγει:says η:the γραφη:Scripture Εκβαλε:Cast-out την:the παιδιϲκην:slave-woman και:and τον:the υιον:son αυτηϲ:of-her ου:not γαρ:for μη:shall κληρονομηϲει:inherit ο:the υιοϲ:son τηϲ:of-the παιδιϲκηϲ:slave-woman μετα:with του:the υιου:son τηϲ:of-the ελευθεραϲ:free-woman (31) διο:therefore αδελφοι:brothers ουκ:not εϲμεν:we-are παιδιϲκηϲ:of-a-slave-woman τεκνα:children αλλα:but τηϲ:of-the ελευθεραϲ:free-woman
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:24 | διαθηκαι:covenants | [covenants] – two covenant-orders allegorized from Hagar and Sarah: the Sinai/slavery order and the promise/freedom order. |
| 4:26 | ελευθερα:free | [free] – the Jerusalem above, the eschatological mother-assembly, personified as the free woman of the promise. |
| 4:31 | ελευθεραϲ:free-woman | [free-woman] – believers as children of the free-woman, the freedom-order of the promise. |
Galatians 5
(1) Τη:For-the ελευθερια:freedom ημαϲ:us χριϲτοϲ:Christ ηλευθερωϲεν:freed ϲτηκετε:Stand ουν:therefore και:and μη:not παλιν:again ζυγω:yoke δουλειαϲ:of-slavery ενεχεϲθε:be-entangled (2) Ιδε:Behold εγω:I παυλοϲ:Paul λεγω:say υμιν:to-you οτι:that εαν:if περιτεμνηϲθε:you-are-circumcised χριϲτοϲ:Christ υμαϲ:you ουδεν:nothing ωφεληϲει:will-profit (3) μαρτυρομαι:I-testify δε:but παλιν:again παντι:to-every ανθρωπω:man περιτεμνομενω:being-circumcised οτι:that οφειλετηϲ:debtor εϲτιν:he-is ολον:whole τον:the νομον:law ποιηϲαι:to-do (4) κατηργηθητε:You-were-nullified απο:from χριϲτου:Christ οιτινεϲ:whoever εν:in νομω:law δικαιουϲθε:are-justified τηϲ:the χαριτοϲ:grace εξεπεϲατε:you-fell-out-of (5) ημειϲ:We γαρ:for πνευματι:by-spirit εκ:from πιϲτεωϲ:faith ελπιδα:hope δικαιοϲυνηϲ:of-righteousness απεκδεχομεθα:we-await-eagerly (6) εν:In γαρ:for χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus ουτε:neither περιτομη:circumcision τι:anything ιϲχυει:has-power ουτε:nor ακροβυϲτια:uncircumcision αλλα:but πιϲτιϲ:faith δι:through αγαπηϲ:love ενεργουμενη:working
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 5:4 | δικαιουϲθε:are-justified | [are-justified] – the forensic verdict of the one God; to be justified in law is to be severed from the Messiah’s grace. |
| 5:5 | πνευματι:by-spirit | [by-spirit] – God’s empowering presence, lowercased in line with the book-wide translation convention. |
| 5:5 | πιϲτεωϲ:faith | [faith] – allegiance-faith, the appointed channel of the awaited righteousness. |
| 5:5 | δικαιοϲυνηϲ:of-righteousness | [of-righteousness] – the forensic verdict-righteousness of the one God, awaited by the spirit from faith. |
| 5:6 | πιϲτιϲ:faith | [faith] – allegiance-faith working through love; in the Messiah this alone has power. |
(7) Ετρεχετε:You-were-running καλωϲ:well τιϲ:who υμαϲ:you ενεκοψεν:cut-in τη:the αληθεια:truth μη:not πειθεϲθαι:to-obey (8) η:the πειϲμονη:persuasion ουκ:not εκ:from του:the καλουντοϲ:One-calling υμαϲ:you (9) μικρα:A-little ζυμη:leaven ολον:whole το:the φυραμα:lump ζυμοι:leavens (10) εγω:I πεποιθα:have-confidence ειϲ:in υμαϲ:you εν:in κυριω:lord οτι:that ουδεν:nothing αλλο:other φρονηϲετε:you-will-think ο:the-one δε:but ταραϲϲων:disturbing υμαϲ:you βαϲταϲει:will-bear το:the κριμα:judgment οϲτιϲ:whoever εαν:if η:he-is (11) εγω:I δε:but αδελφοι:brothers ει:if περιτομην:circumcision ετι:still κηρυϲϲω:I-proclaim τι:why ετι:still διωκομαι:I-am-being-persecuted αρα:then κατηργηται:has-been-nullified το:the ϲκανδαλον:stumbling-block του:of-the ϲταυρου:cross (12) οφελον:Would-that και:even αποκοψονται:they-would-cut-themselves-off οι:the αναϲτατουντεϲ:upsetting υμαϲ:you
(13) υμειϲ:You γαρ:for επ:for ελευθερια:freedom εκληθητε:were-called αδελφοι:brothers μονον:only μη:not την:the ελευθεριαν:freedom ειϲ:as αφορμην:an-opportunity τη:for-the ϲαρκι:flesh αλλα:but δια:through τηϲ:the αγαπηϲ:love δουλευετε:serve αλληλοιϲ:one-another (14) ο:the γαρ:for παϲ:whole νομοϲ:law εν:in ενι:one λογω:word πεπληρωται:is-fulfilled εν:in τω:the αγαπηϲειϲ:you-shall-love τον:the πληϲιον:neighbor ϲου:of-you ωϲ:as ϲεαυτον:yourself (15) ει:If δε:but αλληλουϲ:one-another δακνετε:you-bite και:and κατεϲθιετε:you-devour βλεπετε:watch μη:lest υπ:by αλληλων:one-another αναλωθητε:you-are-consumed
(16) Λεγω:I-say δε:but πνευματι:by-spirit περιπατειτε:walk και:and επιθυμιαν:desire ϲαρκοϲ:of-flesh ου:not μη:shall τελεϲητε:you-fulfill (17) η:the γαρ:for ϲαρξ:flesh επιθυμει:desires κατα:against του:the πνευματοϲ:spirit το:the δε:but πνευμα:spirit κατα:against τηϲ:the ϲαρκοϲ:flesh ταυτα:these γαρ:for αλληλοιϲ:to-one-another αντικειται:are-opposed ινα:so-that μη:not α:what εαν:if θελητε:you-wish ταυτα:these ποιητε:you-do (18) ει:If δε:but πνευματι:by-spirit αγεϲθε:you-are-led ουκ:not εϲτε:you-are υπο:under νομον:law (19) φανερα:Evident δε:but εϲτιν:are τα:the εργα:works τηϲ:of-the ϲαρκοϲ:flesh ατινα:which εϲτιν:are πορνεια:sexual-immorality ακαθαρϲια:impurity αϲελγεια:licentiousness (20) ειδωλολατρια:idolatry φαρμακεια:sorcery εχθραι:enmities εριϲ:strife ζηλοϲ:jealousy θυμοι:rages εριθειαι:selfish-ambitions διχοϲταϲιαι:dissensions αιρεϲειϲ:factions (21) φθονοι:envies μεθαι:drunkennesses κωμοι:carousings και:and τα:the ομοια:like-things τουτοιϲ:to-these α:which προλεγω:I-foretell υμιν:to-you καθωϲ:just-as προειπον:I-said-before οτι:that οι:the-ones τα:the τοιαυτα:such-things πραϲϲοντεϲ:doing βαϲιλειαν:kingdom θεου:of-God ου:not κληρονομηϲουϲιν:will-inherit (22) ο:the δε:but καρποϲ:fruit του:of-the πνευματοϲ:spirit εϲτιν:is αγαπη:love χαρα:joy ειρηνη:peace μακροθυμια:patience χρηϲτοτηϲ:kindness αγαθωϲυνη:goodness πιϲτιϲ:faithfulness (23) πραυτηϲ:gentleness εγκρατεια:self-control κατα:against των:the τοιουτων:such-things ουκ:not εϲτιν:is νομοϲ:law (24) οι:the-ones δε:but του:of-the χριϲτου:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus την:the ϲαρκα:flesh εϲταυρωϲαν:crucified ϲυν:with τοιϲ:the παθημαϲιν:passions και:and ταιϲ:the επιθυμιαιϲ:desires (25) ει:If ζωμεν:we-live πνευματι:by-spirit πνευματι:by-spirit και:also ϲτοιχωμεν:we-should-walk-in-line (26) μη:Not γινωμεθα:let-us-become κενοδοξοι:conceited αλληλουϲ:one-another προκαλουμενοι:challenging αλληλοιϲ:one-another φθονουντεϲ:envying
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 5:16 | πνευματι:by-spirit | [by-spirit] – God’s empowering presence; the new-age walk that does not fulfill the flesh’s desire. |
| 5:17 | του:of-the πνευματοϲ:spirit; το:the πνευμα:spirit | [spirit] – God’s empowering presence set in antithesis to the old-age self; lowercased throughout. |
| 5:18 | πνευματι:by-spirit | [by-spirit] – led by God’s empowering presence, not under the law. |
| 5:22 | πιϲτιϲ:faithfulness | [faithfulness] – the fruit of allegiance: faithfulness as the Spirit-formed character-trait. |
| 5:22 | πνευματοϲ:of-the spirit | [of-the spirit] – the fruit of God’s empowering presence, singular and coherent. |
| 5:25 | πνευματι:by-spirit; πνευματι:by-spirit | [by-spirit] – the new-age life and the walk in line by God’s empowering presence. |
Galatians 6
(1) Αδελφοι:Brothers εαν:if και:even προλημφθη:is-overtaken ανθρωποϲ:a-man εν:in τινι:some παραπτωματι:trespass υμειϲ:you οι:the πνευματικοι:spiritual-ones καταρτιζετε:restore τον:the τοιουτον:such-a-one εν:in πνευματι:spirit πραυτητοϲ:of-gentleness ϲκοπων:watching ϲεαυτον:yourself μη:lest και:also ϲυ:you πειραϲθηϲ:be-tempted (2) αλληλων:of-one-another τα:the βαρη:burdens βαϲταζετε:bear και:and ουτωϲ:thus αναπληρωϲετε:you-will-fulfill τον:the νομον:law του:of-the χριϲτου:Christ (3) ει:if γαρ:for δοκει:thinks τιϲ:anyone ειναι:to-be τι:something μηδεν:nothing ων:being φρεναπατα:deceives-the-mind-of εαυτον:himself (4) το:the δε:but εργον:work εαυτου:of-himself δοκιμαζετω:let-him-test εκαϲτοϲ:each και:and τοτε:then ειϲ:in εαυτον:himself μονον:alone το:the καυχημα:boasting εξει:he-will-have και:and ουκ:not ειϲ:in τον:the ετερον:other (5) εκαϲτοϲ:each γαρ:for το:the ιδιον:own φορτιον:load βαϲταϲει:will-bear (6) κοινωνειτω:Let-share δε:but ο:the-one κατηχουμενοϲ:being-instructed τον:the λογον:word τω:with-the κατηχουντι:one-instructing εν:in παϲιν:all αγαθοιϲ:good-things (7) μη:Not πλαναϲθε:be-deceived θεοϲ:God ου:not μυκτηριζεται:is-mocked ο:that-which γαρ:for εαν:if ϲπειρη:sows ανθρωποϲ:a-man τουτο:this και:also θεριϲει:he-will-reap (8) οτι:because ο:the-one ϲπειρων:sowing ειϲ:into την:the ϲαρκα:flesh εαυτου:of-himself εκ:from τηϲ:the ϲαρκοϲ:flesh θεριϲει:will-reap φθοραν:corruption ο:the-one δε:but ϲπειρων:sowing ειϲ:into το:the πνευμα:spirit εκ:from του:of-the πνευματοϲ:spirit θεριϲει:will-reap ζωην:life αιωνιον:age-lasting (9) το:the δε:but καλον:good ποιουντεϲ:doing μη:not εγκακωμεν:let-us-lose-heart καιρω:at-time γαρ:for ιδιω:own θεριϲομεν:we-will-reap μη:not εκλυομενοι:growing-weary (10) αρα:so ουν:then ωϲ:as καιρον:opportunity εχομεν:we-have εργαζωμεθα:let-us-work το:the αγαθον:good προϲ:toward πανταϲ:all μαλιϲτα:especially δε:but προϲ:toward τουϲ:the οικειουϲ:household-members τηϲ:of-the πιϲτεωϲ:faith
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 6:1 | πνευματι:spirit | [spirit] – a spirit of gentleness: God’s empowering presence shaping the work of restoration. |
| 6:8 | πνευμα:spirit; πνευματοϲ:spirit | [spirit] – sowing into God’s empowering presence reaps the age-lasting life of the age to come. |
| 6:10 | πιϲτεωϲ:faith | [faith] – the household of the faith: the community defined by allegiance to the Messiah. |
(11) Ιδετε:See πηλικοιϲ:how-large γραμμαϲιν:letters υμιν:to-you εγραψα:I-wrote τη:with-the εμη:my χειρι:hand (12) οϲοι:As-many-as θελουϲιν:wish ευπροϲωπηϲαι:to-make-a-good-showing εν:in ϲαρκι:flesh ουτοι:these αναγκαζουϲιν:compel υμαϲ:you περιτεμνεϲθαι:to-be-circumcised μονον:only ινα:in-order-that τω:the ϲταυρω:cross του:of-the χριϲτου:Christ μη:not διωκωνται:they-may-be-persecuted (13) ουδε:For-not γαρ:for οι:the περιτεμνομενοι:being-circumcised αυτοι:themselves νομον:law φυλαϲϲουϲιν:keep αλλα:but θελουϲιν:wish υμαϲ:you περιτεμνεϲθαι:to-be-circumcised ινα:in-order-that εν:in τη:the υμετερα:your ϲαρκι:flesh καυχηϲωνται:they-may-boast (14) εμοι:to-me δε:but μη:never γενοιτο:may-it-become καυχαϲθαι:to-boast ει:except μη:only εν:in τω:the ϲταυρω:cross του:of-the κυριου:lord ημων:of-us ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ δι:through ου:whom εμοι:to-me κοϲμοϲ:cosmos εϲταυρωται:has-been-crucified καγω:and-I κοϲμω:to-cosmos (15) ουτε:For-neither γαρ:for περιτομη:circumcision τι:anything εϲτιν:is ουτε:nor ακροβυϲτια:uncircumcision αλλα:but καινη:new κτιϲιϲ:creation (16) και:And οϲοι:as-many-as τω:by-the κανονι:rule τουτω:this ϲτοιχηϲουϲιν:will-walk-in-line ειρηνη:peace επ:upon αυτουϲ:them και:and ελεοϲ:mercy και:and επι:upon τον:the ιϲραηλ:Israel του:of-the θεου:God (17) του:From-now-on λοιπου:the-rest κοπουϲ:troubles μοι:to-me μηδειϲ:no-one παρεχετω:let-provide εγω:I γαρ:for τα:the ϲτιγματα:marks του:of-the ιηϲου:Jesus εν:in τω:the ϲωματι:body μου:of-me βαϲταζω:I-bear (18) η:the χαριϲ:grace του:of-the κυριου:lord ημων:of-us ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ μετα:with του:the πνευματοϲ:spirit υμων:of-you αδελφοι:brothers αμην:amen
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 6:15 | καινη:new κτιϲιϲ:creation | [new creation] – the eschatological re-creation of the age to come, the new-order reality in the Messiah. |
| 6:16 | ιϲραηλ:Israel του:of-the θεου:God | [Israel of-the God] – the true eschatological Israel, the community walking by the new-creation rule. |
| 6:17 | ϲτιγματα:marks | [marks] – the brand-like scars of persecution, the slave-marks of the crucified Jesus. |
| 6:18 | πνευματοϲ:spirit | [spirit] – the closing grace-wish: the lord’s grace with the believers’ spirit, God’s empowering presence. |