1 John
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Commentary | Interlinear | English
1 John 1
(1) ο:What ην:was απ:from αρχηϲ:beginning ο:what ακηκοαμεν:we-have-heard ο:what εωρακαμεν:we-have-seen τοιϲ:the οφθαλμοιϲ:eyes ημων:of-us ο:what εθεαϲαμεθα:we-beheld και:and αι:the χειρεϲ:hands ημων:of-us εψηλαφηϲαν:touched περι:concerning του:the λογου:word τηϲ:of-the ζωηϲ:life (2) και:And η:the ζωη:life εφανερωθη:was-manifested και:and εωρακαμεν:we-have-seen και:and μαρτυρουμεν:we-testify και:and απαγγελλομεν:we-announce υμιν:to-you την:the ζωην:life την:the αιωνιον:eternal ητιϲ:which ην:was προϲ:with τον:the πατερα:Father και:and εφανερωθη:was-manifested ημιν:to-us (3) ο:What εωρακαμεν:we-have-seen και:and ακηκοαμεν:we-have-heard απαγγελλομεν:we-announce και:also υμιν:to-you ινα:in-order-that και:also υμειϲ:you κοινωνιαν:fellowship εχητε:may-have μεθ:with ημων:us και:and η:the κοινωνια:fellowship δε:moreover η:the ημετερα:our μετα:with του:the πατροϲ:Father και:and μετα:with του:the υιου:son αυτου:His ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ (4) και:And ταυτα:these-things γραφομεν:we-write ημειϲ:we ινα:in-order-that η:the χαρα:joy ημων:of-us η:may-be πεπληρωμενη:fulfilled
(5) και:And εϲτιν:is αυτη:this η:the αγγελια:message ην:which ακηκοαμεν:we-have-heard απ:from αυτου:Him και:and αναγγελλομεν:we-announce υμιν:to-you οτι:that ο:the θεοϲ:God φωϲ:light εϲτιν:is και:and ϲκοτια:darkness εν:in αυτω:Him ουκ:not εϲτιν:is ουδεμια:none (6) εαν:If ειπωμεν:we-say οτι:that κοινωνιαν:fellowship εχομεν:we-have μετ:with αυτου:Him και:and εν:in τω:the ϲκοτει:darkness περιπατωμεν:we-walk ψευδομεθα:we-deceive-ourselves και:and ου:not ποιουμεν:we-do την:the αληθειαν:truth (7) εαν:If εν:in τω:the φωτι:light περιπατωμεν:we-walk ωϲ:as αυτοϲ:He εϲτιν:is εν:in τω:the φωτι:light κοινωνιαν:fellowship εχομεν:we-have μετ:with αλληλων:one-another και:and το:the αιμα:blood ιηϲου:of-Jesus του:the υιου:son αυτου:His καθαριζει:cleanses ημαϲ:us απο:from παϲηϲ:all αμαρτιαϲ:sin (8) εαν:If ειπωμεν:we-say οτι:that αμαρτιαν:sin ουκ:not εχομεν:we-have εαυτουϲ:ourselves πλανωμεν:we-deceive και:and η:the αληθεια:truth ουκ:not εϲτιν:is εν:in ημιν:us (9) εαν:If ομολογωμεν:we-confess ταϲ:the αμαρτιαϲ:sins ημων:of-us πιϲτοϲ:faithful εϲτιν:He-is και:and δικαιοϲ:righteous ινα:in-order-that αφη:He-may-forgive ημιν:us ταϲ:the αμαρτιαϲ:sins και:and καθαριϲη:He-may-cleanse ημαϲ:us απο:from παϲηϲ:all αδικιαϲ:unrighteousness (10) εαν:If ειπωμεν:we-say οτι:that ουχ:not ημαρτηκαμεν:we-have-sinned ψευϲτην:a-liar ποιουμεν:we-make αυτον:Him και:and ο:the λογοϲ:word αυτου:of-Him ουκ:not εϲτιν:is εν:in ημιν:us
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1:8 | ψευδομεθα:we-deceive-ourselves | [we-deceive-ourselves] – the middle voice carries a reflexive sense: professing fellowship while walking in darkness is a self-deception, and the gloss preserves that self-involving force. |
1 John 2
(1) τεκνια:Little-children μου:of-me ταυτα:these-things γραφω:I-write υμιν:to-you ινα:in-order-that μη:not αμαρτητε:you-may-sin και:and εαν:if τιϲ:anyone αμαρτη:sins παρακλητον:advocate εχομεν:we-have προϲ:with τον:the πατερα:Father ιηϲουν:Jesus χριϲτον:Christ δικαιον:righteous (2) και:And αυτοϲ:he ιλαϲμοϲ:propitiation εϲτιν:is περι:concerning των:the αμαρτιων:sins ημων:of-us ου:not περι:concerning των:the ημετερων:ours δε:however μονον:only αλλα:but και:also περι:concerning ολου:whole του:the κοϲμου:world (3) και:And εν:in τουτω:this γινωϲκομεν:we-know οτι:that εγνωκαμεν:we-have-come-to-know αυτον:Him εαν:if ταϲ:the εντολαϲ:commandments αυτου:His τηρωμεν:we-keep (4) ο:The-one λεγων:saying οτι:that εγνωκα:I-have-come-to-know αυτον:Him και:and ταϲ:the εντολαϲ:commandments αυτου:His μη:not τηρων:keeping ψευϲτηϲ:a-liar εϲτιν:is και:and εν:in τουτω:this η:the αληθεια:truth ουκ:not εϲτιν:is (5) οϲ:Whoever δ:and αν:ever τηρη:keeps αυτου:His τον:the λογον:word αληθωϲ:truly εν:in τουτω:this η:the αγαπη:love του:of-the θεου:God τετελειωται:has-been-perfected εν:in τουτω:this γινωϲκομεν:we-know οτι:that εν:in αυτω:Him εϲμεν:we-are (6) ο:The-one λεγων:saying εν:in αυτω:Him μενειν:to-abide οφειλει:ought καθωϲ:as εκεινοϲ:that-one περιεπατηϲεν:walked και:also αυτοϲ:he-himself ουτωϲ:thus περιπατειν:to-walk
(7) αγαπητοι:Beloved ουκ:not εντολην:commandment καινην:new γραφω:I-write υμιν:to-you αλλ:but εντολην:commandment παλαιαν:old ην:which ειχετε:you-had απ:from αρχηϲ:beginning η:the εντολη:commandment η:the παλαια:old εϲτιν:is ο:the λογοϲ:word ον:which ηκουϲατε:you-heard (8) παλιν:Again εντολην:commandment καινην:new γραφω:I-write υμιν:to-you ο:which εϲτιν:is αληθεϲ:true εν:in αυτω:him και:and εν:in υμιν:you οτι:because η:the ϲκοτια:darkness παραγεται:is-passing-away και:and το:the φωϲ:light το:the αληθινον:true ηδη:already φαινει:shines (9) ο:The-one λεγων:saying εν:in τω:the φωτι:light ειναι:to-be και:and τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him μιϲων:hating εν:in τη:the ϲκοτια:darkness εϲτιν:is εωϲ:until αρτι:now (10) ο:The-one αγαπων:loving τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him εν:in τω:the φωτι:light μενει:remains και:and ϲκανδαλον:stumbling-block εν:in αυτω:him ουκ:not εϲτιν:is (11) ο:The-one δε:but μιϲων:hating τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him εν:in τη:the ϲκοτια:darkness εϲτιν:is και:and εν:in τη:the ϲκοτια:darkness περιπατει:walks και:and ουκ:not οιδεν:knows που:where υπαγει:he-goes οτι:because η:the ϲκοτια:darkness ετυφλωϲεν:blinded τουϲ:the οφθαλμουϲ:eyes αυτου:of-him
(12) γραφω:I-write υμιν:to-you τεκνια:little-children οτι:that αφεωνται:have-been-forgiven υμιν:to-you αι:the αμαρτιαι:sins δια:through το:the ονομα:name αυτου:of-him (13) γραφω:I-write υμιν:to-you πατερεϲ:fathers οτι:that εγνωκατε:you-have-come-to-know τον:the-one απ:from αρχηϲ:beginning γραφω:I-write υμιν:to-you νεανιϲκοι:young-men οτι:that νενικηκατε:you-have-overcome τον:the πονηρον:evil-one (14) εγραψα:I-wrote υμιν:to-you παιδια:children οτι:that εγνωκατε:you-have-come-to-know τον:the πατερα:Father εγραψα:I-wrote υμιν:to-you πατερεϲ:fathers οτι:that εγνωκατε:you-have-come-to-know τον:the-one απ:from αρχηϲ:beginning εγραψα:I-wrote υμιν:to-you νεανιϲκοι:young-men οτι:that ιϲχυροι:strong εϲτε:you-are και:and ο:the λογοϲ:word του:of-the θεου:God εν:in υμιν:you μενει:remains και:and νενικηκατε:you-have-overcome τον:the πονηρον:evil-one (15) μη:Not αγαπατε:love τον:the κοϲμον:world μηδε:nor τα:the-things εν:in τω:the κοϲμω:world εαν:if τιϲ:anyone αγαπα:loves τον:the κοϲμον:world ουκ:not εϲτιν:is η:the αγαπη:love του:of-the πατροϲ:Father εν:in αυτω:him (16) οτι:Because παν:everything το:the εν:in τω:the κοϲμω:world η:the επιθυμια:desire τηϲ:of-the ϲαρκοϲ:flesh και:and η:the επιθυμια:desire των:of-the οφθαλμων:eyes και:and η:the αλαζονεια:pride του:of-the βιου:life ουκ:not εϲτιν:is εκ:from του:the πατροϲ:Father αλλ:but εκ:from του:the κοϲμου:world εϲτιν:is (17) και:And ο:the κοϲμοϲ:world παραγεται:is-passing-away και:and η:the επιθυμια:desire αυτου:of-it ο:the-one δε:but ποιων:doing το:the θελημα:will του:of-the θεου:God μενει:remains ειϲ:into τον:the αιωνα:age
(18) παιδια:Little-children εϲχατη:last ωρα:hour εϲτιν:is και:and καθωϲ:as ηκουϲατε:you-heard οτι:that αντιχριϲτοϲ:antichrist ερχεται:is-coming και:and νυν:now αντιχριϲτοι:antichrists πολλοι:many γεγοναϲιν:have-come-to-be οθεν:from-which γινωϲκομεν:we-know οτι:that εϲχατη:last ωρα:hour εϲτιν:is (19) εξ:From ημων:us εξηλθαν:they-went-out αλλ:but ουκ:not ηϲαν:they-were εξ:from ημων:us ει:if γαρ:for εξ:from ημων:us ηϲαν:they-were μεμενηκειϲαν:they-would-have-remained αν:would μεθ:with ημων:us αλλ:but ινα:in-order-that φανερωθωϲιν:they-might-be-manifested οτι:that ουκ:not ειϲιν:they-are παντεϲ:all εξ:from ημων:us (20) και:And υμειϲ:you χριϲμα:anointing εχετε:have απο:from του:the αγιου:Holy-One και:and οιδατε:you-know παντεϲ:all (21) ουκ:Not εγραψα:I-wrote υμιν:to-you οτι:that ουκ:not οιδατε:you-know την:the αληθειαν:truth αλλ:but οτι:that οιδατε:you-know αυτην:it και:and οτι:that παν:every ψευδοϲ:lie εκ:from τηϲ:the αληθειαϲ:truth ουκ:not εϲτιν:is (22) τιϲ:Who εϲτιν:is ο:the ψευϲτηϲ:liar ει:if μη:not ο:the-one αρνουμενοϲ:denying οτι:that ιηϲουϲ:Jesus ουκ:not εϲτιν:is ο:the χριϲτοϲ:Christ ουτοϲ:this-one εϲτιν:is ο:the αντιχριϲτοϲ:antichrist ο:the-one αρνουμενοϲ:denying τον:the πατερα:Father και:and τον:the υιον:son (23) παϲ:Everyone ο:the-one αρνουμενοϲ:denying τον:the υιον:son ουδε:neither τον:the πατερα:Father εχει:has ο:the-one ομολογων:confessing τον:the υιον:son και:and τον:the πατερα:Father εχει:has
(24) υμειϲ:You ο:what ηκουϲατε:you-heard απ:from αρχηϲ:beginning εν:in υμιν:you μενετω:let-it-remain εαν:if εν:in υμιν:you μεινη:remains ο:what απ:from αρχηϲ:beginning ηκουϲατε:you-heard και:and υμειϲ:you εν:in τω:the υιω:son και:and εν:in τω:the πατρι:Father μενειτε:you-will-remain (25) και:And αυτη:this εϲτιν:is η:the επαγγελια:promise ην:which αυτοϲ:He επηγγειλατο:promised ημιν:us την:the ζωην:life την:the αιωνιον:eternal (26) ταυτα:These-things εγραψα:I-wrote υμιν:to-you περι:concerning των:the πλανωντων:ones-deceiving υμαϲ:you (27) και:And υμειϲ:you το:the χριϲμα:anointing ο:which ελαβετε:you-received απ:from αυτου:Him μενει:remains εν:in υμιν:you και:and ου:not χρειαν:need εχετε:you-have ινα:that τιϲ:anyone διδαϲκη:teaches υμαϲ:you αλλ:but ωϲ:as το:the αυτου:of-Him χριϲμα:anointing διδαϲκει:teaches υμαϲ:you περι:concerning παντων:all-things και:and αληθεϲ:true εϲτιν:it-is και:and ουκ:not εϲτιν:is ψευδοϲ:a-lie και:and καθωϲ:as εδιδαξεν:it-taught υμαϲ:you μενετε:abide εν:in αυτω:Him (28) και:And νυν:now τεκνια:little-children μενετε:abide εν:in αυτω:him ινα:in-order-that εαν:if φανερωθη:he-is-manifested ϲχωμεν:we-may-have παρρηϲιαν:confidence και:and μη:not αιϲχυνθωμεν:we-may-be-put-to-shame απ:from αυτου:him εν:in τη:the παρουϲια:arrival αυτου:of-him (29) εαν:If ειδητε:you-know οτι:that δικαιοϲ:righteous εϲτιν:He-is γινωϲκετε:you-know οτι:that και:also παϲ:everyone ο:the-one ποιων:doing την:the δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness εξ:from αυτου:Him γεγεννηται:has-been-born
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 2:28 | παρουϲια:arrival | [arrival] – the established gloss for the Messiah's coming; it denotes the event of his appearing, the moment at which believers are to hold confidence and not be put to shame. |
1 John 3
(1) ιδετε:See ποταπην:what-kind-of αγαπην:love δεδωκεν:has-given ημιν:us ο:the πατηρ:Father ινα:that τεκνα:children θεου:of-God κληθωμεν:we-may-be-called και:and εϲμεν:we-are δια:because-of τουτο:this ο:the κοϲμοϲ:world ου:not γινωϲκει:knows ημαϲ:us οτι:because ουκ:not εγνω:it-knew αυτον:Him (2) αγαπητοι:Beloved νυν:now τεκνα:children θεου:of-God εϲμεν:we-are και:and ουπω:not-yet εφανερωθη:was-manifested τι:what εϲομεθα:we-will-be οιδαμεν:we-know οτι:that εαν:if φανερωθη:he-is-manifested ομοιοι:like αυτω:him εϲομεθα:we-will-be οτι:because οψομεθα:we-will-see αυτον:him καθωϲ:as εϲτιν:he-is (3) και:And παϲ:everyone ο:the-one εχων:having την:the ελπιδα:hope ταυτην:this επ:upon αυτω:him αγνιζει:purifies εαυτον:himself καθωϲ:as εκεινοϲ:that-one αγνοϲ:pure εϲτιν:is (4) παϲ:Everyone ο:the-one ποιων:doing την:the αμαρτιαν:sin και:and την:the ανομιαν:lawlessness ποιει:does και:and η:the αμαρτια:sin εϲτιν:is η:the ανομια:lawlessness (5) και:And οιδατε:you-know οτι:that εκεινοϲ:that-one εφανερωθη:was-manifested ινα:in-order-that ταϲ:the αμαρτιαϲ:sins αρη:he-might-take-away και:and αμαρτια:sin εν:in αυτω:him ουκ:not εϲτιν:is (6) παϲ:Everyone ο:the-one εν:in αυτω:him μενων:abiding ουχ:not αμαρτανει:sins παϲ:everyone ο:the-one αμαρτανων:sinning ουχ:not εωρακεν:has-seen αυτον:him ουδε:nor εγνωκεν:has-known αυτον:him (7) παιδια:Little-children μηδειϲ:let-no-one πλανατω:deceive υμαϲ:you ο:the-one ποιων:doing την:the δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness δικαιοϲ:righteous εϲτιν:is καθωϲ:as εκεινοϲ:that-one δικαιοϲ:righteous εϲτιν:is (8) ο:The-one ποιων:doing την:the αμαρτιαν:sin εκ:from του:the διαβολου:devil εϲτιν:is οτι:because απ:from αρχηϲ:beginning ο:the διαβολοϲ:devil αμαρτανει:sins ειϲ:for τουτο:this εφανερωθη:was-manifested ο:the υιοϲ:son του:of-the θεου:God ινα:in-order-that λυϲη:he-might-destroy τα:the εργα:works του:of-the διαβολου:devil (9) παϲ:Everyone ο:the-one γεγεννημενοϲ:having-been-born εκ:from του:the θεου:God αμαρτιαν:sin ου:not ποιει:does οτι:because ϲπερμα:seed αυτου:of-Him εν:in αυτω:him μενει:remains και:and ου:not δυναται:he-is-able αμαρτανειν:to-sin οτι:because εκ:from του:the θεου:God γεγεννηται:he-has-been-born (10) εν:In τουτω:this φανερα:manifest εϲτιν:are τα:the τεκνα:children του:of-the θεου:God και:and τα:the τεκνα:children του:of-the διαβολου:devil παϲ:everyone ο:the-one μη:not ποιων:doing δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness ουκ:not εϲτιν:is εκ:from του:the θεου:God και:and ο:the-one μη:not αγαπων:loving τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:9 | ϲπερμα:seed | [seed] – God's abiding life-principle in the one born of God; the generative image conveys the new-creation reality of the believer's identity. |
| 3:9 | γεγεννημενοϲ:having-been-born / γεγεννηται:he-has-been-born | [having-been-born] – birth from God as regeneration/new creation; the one born of God does not practice sin because that birth defines his character. |
(11) οτι:Because αυτη:this εϲτιν:is η:the αγγελια:message ην:which ηκουϲατε:you-heard απ:from αρχηϲ:beginning ινα:that αγαπωμεν:we-should-love αλληλουϲ:one-another (12) ου:Not καθωϲ:as καιν:Cain εκ:from του:the πονηρου:evil-one ην:was και:and εϲφαξεν:slaughtered τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him και:and χαριν:because-of τινοϲ:what εϲφαξεν:he-slaughtered αυτον:him οτι:because τα:the εργα:works αυτου:of-him πονηρα:evil ην:were τα:the δε:but του:of-the αδελφου:brother αυτου:of-him δικαια:righteous (13) και:And μη:not θαυμαζετε:marvel αδελφοι:brothers ει:if μιϲει:hates υμαϲ:you ο:the κοϲμοϲ:world (14) ημειϲ:We οιδαμεν:know οτι:that μεταβεβηκαμεν:we-have-passed-over εκ:from του:the θανατου:death ειϲ:into την:the ζωην:life οτι:because αγαπωμεν:we-love τουϲ:the αδελφουϲ:brothers ο:the-one μη:not αγαπων:loving μενει:remains εν:in τω:the θανατω:death (15) παϲ:Everyone ο:the-one μιϲων:hating τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him ανθρωποκτονοϲ:man-killer εϲτιν:is και:and οιδατε:you-know οτι:that παϲ:every ανθρωποκτονοϲ:man-killer ουκ:not εχει:has ζωην:life αιωνιον:eternal εν:in αυτω:him μενουϲαν:remaining (16) εν:In τουτω:this εγνωκαμεν:we-have-known την:the αγαπην:love οτι:because εκεινοϲ:that-one υπερ:on-behalf-of ημων:us την:the ψυχην:life αυτου:of-him εθηκεν:laid-down και:and ημειϲ:we οφειλομεν:ought υπερ:on-behalf-of των:the αδελφων:brothers ταϲ:the ψυχαϲ:lives θειναι:to-lay-down (17) οϲ:Whoever δ:and αν:ever εχη:may-have τον:the βιον:livelihood του:of-the κοϲμου:world και:and θεωρη:observes τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him χρειαν:need εχοντα:having και:and κλειϲη:shuts τα:the ϲπλαγχνα:compassions αυτου:of-him απ:from αυτου:him πωϲ:how η:the αγαπη:love του:of-the θεου:God μενει:remains εν:in αυτω:him (18) τεκνια:Little-children μη:not αγαπωμεν:we-should-love λογω:in-word μηδε:nor τη:the γλωϲϲη:tongue αλλ:but εν:in εργω:work και:and αληθεια:truth
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:15 | ανθρωποκτονοϲ:man-killer | [man-killer] – the literal compound identifies the hater of a brother as a murderer, standing in the line of Cain. |
| 3:15 | ζωην:life αιωνιον:eternal | [life eternal] – the life of the age to come, the eschatological life the man-killer does not possess abiding in him. |
| 3:16 | ψυχην:life / ψυχαϲ:lives | [life / lives] – physical, embodied life; the same word is used of the Messiah's self-giving and of the lives believers are to lay down for brothers, keeping the model human and concrete. |
| 3:17 | βιον:livelihood | [livelihood] – the means of life and material possessions; the gloss makes tangible the resources at a believer's disposal. |
| 3:17 | ϲπλαγχνα:compassions | [compassions] – the innermost affections, the seat of feeling from which concrete mercy must spring. |
(19) και:And εν:in τουτω:this γνωϲομεθα:we-will-know οτι:that εκ:from τηϲ:the αληθειαϲ:truth εϲμεν:we-are και:and εμπροϲθεν:before αυτου:Him πειϲομεν:we-will-persuade την:the καρδιαν:heart ημων:of-us (20) οτι:Because εαν:if καταγινωϲκη:condemns ημων:us η:the καρδια:heart οτι:that μειζων:greater εϲτιν:is ο:the θεοϲ:God τηϲ:of-the καρδιαϲ:heart ημων:of-us και:and γινωϲκει:He-knows παντα:all-things (21) αγαπητοι:Beloved εαν:if η:the καρδια:heart ημων:of-us μη:not καταγινωϲκη:condemns παρρηϲιαν:confidence εχομεν:we-have προϲ:toward τον:the θεον:God (22) και:And ο:that-which εαν:if αιτωμεν:we-may-ask λαμβανομεν:we-receive απ:from αυτου:Him οτι:because ταϲ:the εντολαϲ:commandments αυτου:of-Him τηρουμεν:we-keep και:and τα:the αρεϲτα:pleasing-things ενωπιον:before αυτου:Him ποιουμεν:we-do (23) και:And αυτη:this εϲτιν:is η:the εντολη:commandment αυτου:of-Him ινα:that πιϲτευϲωμεν:we-should-believe-in τω:the ονοματι:name του:of-the υιου:son αυτου:of-Him ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ και:and αγαπωμεν:we-should-love αλληλουϲ:one-another καθωϲ:just-as εδωκεν:He-gave εντολην:commandment ημιν:to-us (24) και:And ο:the-one τηρων:keeping ταϲ:the εντολαϲ:commandments αυτου:of-Him εν:in αυτω:Him μενει:remains και:and αυτοϲ:He εν:in αυτω:him και:and εν:in τουτω:this γινωϲκομεν:we-know οτι:that μενει:He-remains εν:in ημιν:us εκ:from του:the πνευματοϲ:spirit ου:which ημιν:to-us εδωκεν:He-gave
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:21 | παρρηϲιαν:confidence | [confidence] – bold openness toward God, the assurance of a heart no longer condemned before Him. |
| 3:24 | πνευματοϲ:spirit | [spirit] – lowercased in line with the book-wide convention of rendering the spirit as God's empowering presence, the gift by which believers know mutual abiding. |
1 John 4
(1) αγαπητοι:Beloved μη:not παντι:every πνευματι:spirit πιϲτευετε:believe αλλα:but δοκιμαζετε:test τα:the πνευματα:spirits ει:whether εκ:from του:the θεου:God εϲτιν:it-is οτι:because πολλοι:many ψευδοπροφηται:false-prophets εξεληλυθαϲιν:have-gone-out ειϲ:into τον:the κοϲμον:world (2) εν:In τουτω:this γινωϲκετε:you-know το:the πνευμα:spirit του:of-the θεου:God παν:every πνευμα:spirit ο:which ομολογει:confesses ιηϲουν:Jesus χριϲτον:Christ εν:in ϲαρκι:flesh εληλυθοτα:having-come εκ:from του:the θεου:God εϲτιν:is (3) και:And παν:every πνευμα:spirit ο:which μη:not ομολογει:confesses τον:the ιηϲουν:Jesus εκ:from του:the θεου:God ουκ:not εϲτιν:is και:and τουτο:this εϲτιν:is το:the του:of-the αντιχριϲτου:antichrist ο:which ακηκοατε:you-have-heard οτι:that ερχεται:it-is-coming και:and νυν:now εν:in τω:the κοϲμω:world εϲτιν:it-is ηδη:already (4) υμειϲ:You εκ:from του:the θεου:God εϲτε:are τεκνια:little-children και:and νενικηκατε:you-have-overcome αυτουϲ:them οτι:because μειζων:greater εϲτιν:is ο:the-one εν:in υμιν:you η:than ο:the-one εν:in τω:the κοϲμω:world (5) αυτοι:They εκ:from του:the κοϲμου:world ειϲιν:are δια:because-of τουτο:this εκ:from του:the κοϲμου:world λαλουϲιν:they-speak και:and ο:the κοϲμοϲ:world αυτων:of-them ακουει:hears (6) ημειϲ:We εκ:from του:the θεου:God εϲμεν:are ο:the-one γινωϲκων:knowing τον:the θεον:God ακουει:hears ημων:us οϲ:whoever ουκ:not εϲτιν:is εκ:from του:the θεου:God ουκ:not ακουει:hears ημων:us εκ:from τουτου:this γινωϲκομεν:we-know το:the πνευμα:spirit τηϲ:of-the αληθειαϲ:truth και:and το:the πνευμα:spirit τηϲ:of-the πλανηϲ:error
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:1 | πνευματα:spirits | [spirits] – lowercased in line with the book-wide convention of rendering the spirit as God's empowering presence; these are the spiritual influences to be tested by the messianic confession. |
| 4:2 | πνευμα:spirit | [spirit] – every spirit that confesses Jesus Christ come in flesh is from God; lowercased as the discerned influence. |
| 4:3 | πνευμα:spirit | [spirit] – lowercased; the spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God and is the antichrist spirit already at work in the world. |
| 4:3 | του:of-the αντιχριϲτου:antichrist | [antichrist] – the gloss names the one "against the Messiah"; the term is defined by the denial that Jesus is the Christ. |
| 4:6 | πνευμα:spirit | [spirit] – lowercased; the spirit of truth and the spirit of error are the two opposing influences by which believers discern. |
(7) αγαπητοι:Beloved αγαπωμεν:we-should-love αλληλουϲ:one-another οτι:because η:the αγαπη:love εκ:from του:the θεου:God εϲτιν:is και:and παϲ:everyone ο:the-one αγαπων:loving εκ:from του:the θεου:God γεγεννηται:has-been-born και:and γινωϲκει:knows τον:the θεον:God (8) ο:The-one μη:not αγαπων:loving ουκ:not εγνω:has-known τον:the θεον:God οτι:because ο:the θεοϲ:God αγαπη:love εϲτιν:is (9) εν:In τουτω:this εφανερωθη:was-manifested η:the αγαπη:love του:of-the θεου:God εν:in ημιν:us οτι:that τον:the υιον:son αυτου:of-His τον:the μονογενη:only-begotten απεϲταλκεν:has-sent ο:the θεοϲ:God ειϲ:into τον:the κοϲμον:world ινα:in-order-that ζηϲωμεν:we-might-live δι:through αυτου:him (10) εν:In τουτω:this εϲτιν:is η:the αγαπη:love ουχ:not οτι:that ημειϲ:we ηγαπηκαμεν:have-loved τον:the θεον:God αλλ:but οτι:that αυτοϲ:He ηγαπηϲεν:loved ημαϲ:us και:and απεϲτειλεν:sent τον:the υιον:son αυτου:of-His ιλαϲμον:propitiation περι:concerning των:the αμαρτιων:sins ημων:of-us (11) αγαπητοι:Beloved ει:if ουτωϲ:thus ο:the θεοϲ:God ηγαπηϲεν:loved ημαϲ:us και:and ημειϲ:we οφειλομεν:ought αλληλουϲ:one-another αγαπαν:to-love (12) θεον:God ουδειϲ:no-one πωποτε:ever τεθεαται:has-beheld εαν:if αγαπωμεν:we-love αλληλουϲ:one-another ο:the θεοϲ:God εν:in ημιν:us μενει:remains και:and η:the αγαπη:love αυτου:of-His εν:in ημιν:us τετελειωμενη:perfected εϲτιν:is (13) εν:In τουτω:this γινωϲκομεν:we-know οτι:that εν:in αυτω:Him μενομεν:we-remain και:and αυτοϲ:He εν:in ημιν:us οτι:because εκ:from του:the πνευματοϲ:spirit αυτου:of-His δεδωκεν:He-has-given ημιν:us (14) και:And ημειϲ:we τεθεαμεθα:have-beheld και:and μαρτυρουμεν:we-testify οτι:that ο:the πατηρ:Father απεϲταλκεν:has-sent τον:the υιον:son ϲωτηρα:saviour του:of-the κοϲμου:world (15) οϲ:Whoever εαν:if ομολογηϲη:confesses οτι:that ιηϲουϲ:Jesus εϲτιν:is ο:the υιοϲ:son του:of-the θεου:God ο:the θεοϲ:God εν:in αυτω:him μενει:remains και:and αυτοϲ:he εν:in τω:the θεω:God (16) και:And ημειϲ:we εγνωκαμεν:have-known και:and πεπιϲτευκαμεν:have-believed την:the αγαπην:love ην:which εχει:He-has ο:the θεοϲ:God εν:in ημιν:us ο:the θεοϲ:God αγαπη:love εϲτιν:is και:and ο:the-one μενων:abiding εν:in τη:the αγαπη:love εν:in τω:the θεω:God μενει:remains και:and ο:the θεοϲ:God εν:in αυτω:him μενει:remains
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:7 | γεγεννηται:has-been-born | [has-been-born] – birth from God as regeneration/new creation; love for the brother is the evidence of that birth. |
| 4:9 | μονογενη:only-begotten | [only-begotten] – the unique, Isaac-like beloved son, sent as the Father's agent; the gloss preserves the treasured status of the sent son. |
| 4:13 | πνευματοϲ:spirit | [spirit] – lowercased; the spirit given to us is the evidence that we remain in God and He in us. |
| 4:14 | ϲωτηρα:saviour | [saviour] – lowercased as the functional title of God's appointed deliverer, sent by the Father for the world's salvation. |
(17) εν:In τουτω:this τετελειωται:has-been-perfected η:the αγαπη:love μεθ:with ημων:us ινα:in-order-that παρρηϲιαν:confidence εχωμεν:we-may-have εν:in τη:the ημερα:day τηϲ:of-the κριϲεωϲ:judgment οτι:because καθωϲ:just-as εκεινοϲ:that-one εϲτιν:is και:also ημειϲ:we εϲμεν:are εν:in τω:the κοϲμω:world τουτω:this (18) φοβοϲ:Fear ουκ:not εϲτιν:is εν:in τη:the αγαπη:love αλλ:but η:the τελεια:perfect αγαπη:love εξω:outside βαλλει:throws τον:the φοβον:fear οτι:because ο:the φοβοϲ:fear κολαϲιν:punishment εχει:has ο:the-one δε:but φοβουμενοϲ:fearing ου:not τετελειωται:has-been-perfected εν:in τη:the αγαπη:love (19) ημειϲ:We αγαπωμεν:love οτι:because αυτοϲ:He πρωτοϲ:first ηγαπηϲεν:loved ημαϲ:us (20) εαν:If τιϲ:anyone ειπη:should-say οτι:that αγαπω:I-love τον:the θεον:God και:and τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him μιϲη:hates ψευϲτηϲ:a-liar εϲτιν:is ο:the-one γαρ:for μη:not αγαπων:loving τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him ον:whom εωρακεν:he-has-seen τον:the θεον:God ον:whom ουχ:not εωρακεν:he-has-seen ου:not δυναται:he-is-able αγαπαν:to-love (21) και:And ταυτην:this την:the εντολην:commandment εχομεν:we-have απ:from αυτου:Him ινα:that ο:the-one αγαπων:loving τον:the θεον:God αγαπα:should-love και:also τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:17 | παρρηϲιαν:confidence | [confidence] – bold openness before God on the day of judgment, grounded in love perfected in the believer. |
| 4:18 | φοβον:fear | [fear] – judgment-dread, the anticipation of penalty that perfected love casts out; the gloss names the fear antithetical to confidence. |
1 John 5
(1) παϲ:Everyone ο:the-one πιϲτευων:believing οτι:that ιηϲουϲ:Jesus εϲτιν:is ο:the χριϲτοϲ:Christ εκ:from του:the θεου:God γεγεννηται:has-been-born και:and παϲ:everyone ο:the-one αγαπων:loving τον:the-one γεννηϲαντα:having-begotten αγαπα:loves και:also τον:the-one γεγεννημενον:having-been-born εξ:from αυτου:Him (2) εν:In τουτω:this γινωϲκομεν:we-know οτι:that αγαπωμεν:we-love τα:the τεκνα:children του:of-the θεου:God οταν:when τον:the θεον:God αγαπωμεν:we-love και:and ταϲ:the εντολαϲ:commandments αυτου:of-Him ποιωμεν:we-do (3) αυτη:this γαρ:for εϲτιν:is η:the αγαπη:love του:of-the θεου:God ινα:that ταϲ:the εντολαϲ:commandments αυτου:of-Him τηρωμεν:we-keep και:and αι:the εντολαι:commandments αυτου:of-Him βαρειαι:burdensome ουκ:not ειϲιν:are (4) οτι:Because παν:everything το:the γεγεννημενον:having-been-born εκ:from του:the θεου:God νικα:conquers τον:the κοϲμον:world και:and αυτη:this εϲτιν:is η:the νικη:victory η:the νικηϲαϲα:having-conquered τον:the κοϲμον:world η:the πιϲτιϲ:faith ημων:of-us (5) τιϲ:Who δε:and εϲτιν:is ο:the-one νικων:conquering τον:the κοϲμον:world ει:if μη:not ο:the-one πιϲτευων:believing οτι:that ιηϲουϲ:Jesus εϲτιν:is ο:the υιοϲ:son του:of-the θεου:God
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 5:1 | γεγεννηται:has-been-born / γεννηϲαντα:having-begotten / γεγεννημενον:having-been-born | [has-been-born / having-begotten] – birth from God as regeneration/new creation; the one so born loves the one who begat and the one begotten from Him. |
| 5:4 | γεγεννημενον:having-been-born | [having-been-born] – birth from God as regeneration/new creation; this birth is the ground of victory over the world. |
| 5:4 | νικα:conquers | [conquers] – the one born of God conquers the present world-order; the new-creation identity overcomes the present age. |
| 5:4 | νικη:victory | [victory] – the victory that overcomes the world is the believer's faith, not human achievement. |
| 5:4 | πιϲτιϲ:faith | [faith] – belief/allegiance in the Messiah as the son of God; this faith is itself the victory that conquers the world. |
| 5:5 | νικων:conquering | [conquering] – the one who conquers the world is the one who believes that Jesus is the son of God. |
(6) ουτοϲ:This-one εϲτιν:is ο:the ελθων:having-come δι:through υδατοϲ:water και:and αιματοϲ:blood ιηϲουϲ:Jesus χριϲτοϲ:Christ ουκ:not εν:in τω:the υδατι:water μονον:only αλλ:but εν:in τω:the υδατι:water και:and εν:in τω:the αιματι:blood και:and το:the πνευμα:spirit εϲτιν:is το:the μαρτυρουν:testifying οτι:because το:the πνευμα:spirit εϲτιν:is η:the αληθεια:truth (7) οτι:Because τρειϲ:three ειϲιν:are οι:the μαρτυρουντεϲ:testifying (8) το:the πνευμα:spirit και:and το:the υδωρ:water και:and το:the αιμα:blood και:and οι:the τρειϲ:three ειϲ:into το:the εν:one ειϲιν:are (9) ει:If την:the μαρτυριαν:testimony των:of-the ανθρωπων:men λαμβανομεν:we-receive η:the μαρτυρια:testimony του:of-the θεου:God μειζων:greater εϲτιν:is οτι:because αυτη:this εϲτιν:is η:the μαρτυρια:testimony του:of-the θεου:God οτι:that μεμαρτυρηκεν:He-has-testified περι:concerning του:the υιου:son αυτου:of-His (10) ο:the-one πιϲτευων:believing ειϲ:into τον:the υιον:son του:of-the θεου:God εχει:has την:the μαρτυριαν:testimony εν:in αυτω:himself ο:the-one μη:not πιϲτευων:believing τω:the θεω:God ψευϲτην:a-liar πεποιηκεν:has-made αυτον:Him οτι:because ου:not πεπιϲτευκεν:he-has-believed ειϲ:into την:the μαρτυριαν:testimony ην:which μεμαρτυρηκεν:has-testified ο:the θεοϲ:God περι:concerning του:the υιου:son αυτου:of-His (11) και:And αυτη:this εϲτιν:is η:the μαρτυρια:testimony οτι:that ζωην:life αιωνιον:eternal εδωκεν:has-given ημιν:to-us ο:the θεοϲ:God και:and αυτη:this η:the ζωη:life εν:in τω:the υιω:son αυτου:of-His εϲτιν:is (12) ο:the-one εχων:having τον:the υιον:son εχει:has την:the ζωην:life ο:the-one μη:not εχων:having τον:the υιον:son του:of-the θεου:God την:the ζωην:life ουκ:not εχει:has
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 5:6 | πνευμα:spirit | [spirit] – lowercased, following the book-wide convention of rendering the spirit as God's empowering presence; this spirit testifies that Jesus Christ came by water and blood. |
| 5:6 | μαρτυρουν:testifying | [testifying] – the spirit's testimony is God's witness concerning His son, the ground of the church's assurance. |
| 5:8 | πνευμα:spirit | [spirit] – lowercased, the third witness with water and blood; the spirit's testimony is the truth. |
| 5:9 | μαρτυριαν:testimony / μαρτυρια:testimony | [testimony] – God's own witness concerning His son, greater than human testimony. |
| 5:10 | μαρτυριαν:testimony | [testimony] – the believer possesses this testimony within; to reject it is to make God a liar. |
| 5:11 | ζωην:life αιωνιον:eternal | [life eternal] – the life of the age to come, now given by God and abiding in the son. |
(13) ταυτα:These-things εγραψα:I-wrote υμιν:to-you ινα:in-order-that ειδητε:you-may-know οτι:that ζωην:life εχετε:you-have αιωνιον:eternal τοιϲ:to-the-ones πιϲτευουϲιν:believing ειϲ:into το:the ονομα:name του:of-the υιου:son του:of-the θεου:God (14) και:And αυτη:this εϲτιν:is η:the παρρηϲια:confidence ην:which εχομεν:we-have προϲ:toward αυτον:Him οτι:that εαν:if τι:anything αιτωμεθα:we-ask κατα:according-to το:the θελημα:will αυτου:of-Him ακουει:He-hears ημων:us (15) και:And εαν:if οιδαμεν:we-know οτι:that ακουει:He-hears ημων:us ο:whatever εαν:if αιτωμεθα:we-ask οιδαμεν:we-know οτι:that εχομεν:we-have τα:the αιτηματα:requests α:which ητηκαμεν:we-have-asked απ:from αυτου:Him (16) εαν:If τιϲ:anyone ιδη:sees τον:the αδελφον:brother αυτου:of-him αμαρτανοντα:sinning αμαρτιαν:sin μη:not προϲ:toward θανατον:death αιτηϲει:he-will-ask και:and δωϲει:He-will-give αυτω:to-him ζωην:life τοιϲ:to-the-ones αμαρτανουϲιν:sinning μη:not προϲ:toward θανατον:death εϲτιν:there-is αμαρτια:sin προϲ:toward θανατον:death ου:not περι:concerning εκεινηϲ:that λεγω:I-say ινα:that ερωτηϲη:he-should-ask (17) παϲα:All αδικια:unrighteousness αμαρτια:sin εϲτιν:is και:and εϲτιν:there-is αμαρτια:sin ου:not προϲ:toward θανατον:death (18) οιδαμεν:We-know οτι:that παϲ:everyone ο:the-one γεγεννημενοϲ:having-been-born εκ:from του:the θεου:God ουχ:not αμαρτανει:sins αλλ:but ο:the-one γεννηθειϲ:having-been-born εκ:from του:the θεου:God τηρει:keeps εαυτον:himself και:and ο:the πονηροϲ:evil-one ουχ:not απτεται:touches αυτου:him (19) οιδαμεν:We-know οτι:that εκ:from του:the θεου:God εϲμεν:we-are και:and ο:the κοϲμοϲ:world ολοϲ:whole εν:in τω:the πονηρω:evil-one κειται:lies (20) οιδαμεν:We-know δε:and οτι:that ο:the υιοϲ:son του:of-the θεου:God ηκει:has-come και:and δεδωκεν:has-given ημιν:to-us διανοιαν:understanding ινα:in-order-that γινωϲκωμεν:we-may-know τον:the αληθινον:true-one και:and εϲμεν:we-are εν:in τω:the αληθινω:true-one εν:in τω:the υιω:son αυτου:of-Him ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτω:Christ ουτοϲ:this-one εϲτιν:is ο:the αληθινοϲ:true θεοϲ:God και:and ζωη:life αιωνιοϲ:eternal (21) τεκνια:Little-children φυλαξατε:keep εαυτα:yourselves απο:from των:the ειδωλων:idols
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 5:13 | ζωην:life αιωνιον:eternal | [life eternal] – present possession in the son; the letter's stated purpose is that believers may know they have this eschatological life. |
| 5:14 | παρρηϲια:confidence | [confidence] – bold openness toward God, the assurance that He hears requests made according to His will. |
| 5:14 | αιτωμεθα:we-ask | [we-ask] – prayer as petition directed to God according to His will; the believer's confidence in requesting. |
| 5:15 | αιτωμεθα:we-ask / αιτηματα:requests / ητηκαμεν:we-have-asked | [we-ask / requests / we-have-asked] – petition according to God's will; the assurance that what is asked is heard and granted by God. |
| 5:16 | αιτηϲει:he-will-ask | [he-will-ask] – intercessory petition for a brother whose sin is not toward death; God grants life in response. |
| 5:18 | γεγεννημενοϲ:having-been-born / γεννηθειϲ:having-been-born | [having-been-born] – birth from God as regeneration/new creation; the one so born does not practice sin and is kept from the evil one. |
| 5:20 | διανοιαν:understanding | [understanding] – the God-given capacity to know the true One, received through the son. |
| 5:20 | ζωη:life αιωνιοϲ:eternal | [life eternal] – the true God is eternal life; believers are in Him through His son Jesus Christ. |
| 5:21 | ειδωλων:idols | [idols] – false objects of allegiance, from which believers are to keep themselves. |